Thursday, 14 February 2013
Tuesday, 12 February 2013
Copyright
Copyright & Images
What is Copyright?
Copyright is the exclusive rights granted to somebody that creates an original piece of work. The work can include dramatic, artistic, musical, literary or other intellectual works. If you do not own the copyrights to a piece of work, the owner can legally stop you from performing their work publically for example a play the person has written or music they have written, displaying their work publically for example their artwork or a production they have created, distributing their work or making derivative versions of their work for example modifying, adapting or making new uses of their work.
How long does copyright last?
When it comes to graphic images the length of copyright is the artist/ photographer’s life plus seventy years. After this period the copyright expires and falls into the public domain, this means that anybody can reproduce or copy their work without breaking the law.
What’s the difference between copyright and a patent?
Copyright is only available for physical items; this is where it differs from a patent, a patent protects the concept, idea or invention itself whereas copyright would protect the written document.
To use a copyrighted image legally, the owner of the image must be contacted for permission to use it. The owner has the right to decline the use of the image(s) for any reason they want, they can also grant the right to use their images according to terms they set. For example an artist can allow their image to be used on a product but may stipulate that if more than 100 items are sold they must receive 10% of sales revenue thereafter.
Copyright Free images
Copyright free images are often referred to as royalty free. Royalty free images are images that can be used by somebody other than its creator without having to pay every time the image is used. Royalty free images often have one of the following licenses attached to them: non-transferable, non-exclusive, perpetual, worldwide, multiple-use sub-license. Each licence has carries certain attributes, these attributes can be found at http://www.stockphotoguides.com/use/royalty-free/what-are-royalty-free-images .
When using images that you didn’t create it is extremely important to seek the proper permissions necessary for the uses you require. Failure to do so could result in a very expensive court case, fines or even being sued a ridiculous amount of money.
Copyright Symbol
This is the copyright symbol; where present it is blindingly obvious that some kind of copyright has been imposed on the image. Before copying or modifying images it is always necessary to ensure the image is loyalty free, what license is hold or to seek permission from its owner first.
How to identify ownership of an image?
It can be very difficult to identify the owner of an image because the place that you found the image may not have followed the correct procedures to use the image which can make it very difficult to identify the original owner however contacting the owner of the website could point you in the direction of the image owner. Some image formats have the ability to store some text data; often this data can contain clues that point towards the original owner of the image. If all other methods fail, searching for the image in question with Google could reveal the image at its original source thus hopefully giving a direct link to its owner.
How to gain permission to use an image?
In order to get permission to use an image you must contact the owner of the image and explain what you would like to use the image for. If they agree then you can use it, if not you must find another image. Depending on what the image is to be used for it might be worth drawing up a contract with the owner to ensure there can be no discrepancies about the use of the image(s) .
What is Copyright?
Copyright is the exclusive rights granted to somebody that creates an original piece of work. The work can include dramatic, artistic, musical, literary or other intellectual works. If you do not own the copyrights to a piece of work, the owner can legally stop you from performing their work publically for example a play the person has written or music they have written, displaying their work publically for example their artwork or a production they have created, distributing their work or making derivative versions of their work for example modifying, adapting or making new uses of their work.
How long does copyright last?
When it comes to graphic images the length of copyright is the artist/ photographer’s life plus seventy years. After this period the copyright expires and falls into the public domain, this means that anybody can reproduce or copy their work without breaking the law.
What’s the difference between copyright and a patent?
Copyright is only available for physical items; this is where it differs from a patent, a patent protects the concept, idea or invention itself whereas copyright would protect the written document.
To use a copyrighted image legally, the owner of the image must be contacted for permission to use it. The owner has the right to decline the use of the image(s) for any reason they want, they can also grant the right to use their images according to terms they set. For example an artist can allow their image to be used on a product but may stipulate that if more than 100 items are sold they must receive 10% of sales revenue thereafter.
Copyright Free images
Copyright free images are often referred to as royalty free. Royalty free images are images that can be used by somebody other than its creator without having to pay every time the image is used. Royalty free images often have one of the following licenses attached to them: non-transferable, non-exclusive, perpetual, worldwide, multiple-use sub-license. Each licence has carries certain attributes, these attributes can be found at http://www.stockphotoguides.com/use/royalty-free/what-are-royalty-free-images .
When using images that you didn’t create it is extremely important to seek the proper permissions necessary for the uses you require. Failure to do so could result in a very expensive court case, fines or even being sued a ridiculous amount of money.
Copyright Symbol
This is the copyright symbol; where present it is blindingly obvious that some kind of copyright has been imposed on the image. Before copying or modifying images it is always necessary to ensure the image is loyalty free, what license is hold or to seek permission from its owner first.
How to identify ownership of an image?
It can be very difficult to identify the owner of an image because the place that you found the image may not have followed the correct procedures to use the image which can make it very difficult to identify the original owner however contacting the owner of the website could point you in the direction of the image owner. Some image formats have the ability to store some text data; often this data can contain clues that point towards the original owner of the image. If all other methods fail, searching for the image in question with Google could reveal the image at its original source thus hopefully giving a direct link to its owner.
How to gain permission to use an image?
In order to get permission to use an image you must contact the owner of the image and explain what you would like to use the image for. If they agree then you can use it, if not you must find another image. Depending on what the image is to be used for it might be worth drawing up a contract with the owner to ensure there can be no discrepancies about the use of the image(s) .
Peer Assesment Sheets
I used the before and after peer assement sheets for their respective image.
Peer Assessment Sheet
Friday, 8 February 2013
Friday, 21 December 2012
Images...Vector Based Vs. Bitmap
All image files can be categorized into two kinds, Bitmap-based and Vector-based files. The two differ in the way computers analyze their content.
Vector-based images generally contain well-defined elements such as curves and shapes of various colors. These elements can either be pure graphics, western alphabets or Asian characters. Each element is defined mathematically by the computer. For example, if a vector-based image contains a red dot, then information such as the location of the circle's center point, the length of its radius, and the color, red, would be the essential information for this image file.
File names for vector-based images usually consist of extensions such as *.EPS, *.AI, *CDR, or *.DWG.
Vector-based files are more suitable for illustrations that require precise measurements. They are also easily scalable due to their mathematical nature. However, the vector-based file format has its drawbacks as well. It is not good for displaying photo-realistic images such as a photograph because images of this type generally do not contain well-defined shapes and curves.
Bitmap-based images, on the other hand, do not rely on mathematical formulas to define their various elements. Each bitmap-based image is mapped into a grid. The size of the grid is based on the image's resolution. For example, a bitmap-based image of 1 inch x 1 inch with a 600 dpi resolution would be defined by a grid of 600 x 600 pixels. Hence, a bitmap-based image is like a mosaic of pixels with each pixel holding a specific color value.
Bitmap-based files are more suitable for photo-realistic images that require complex color variations. They are, however, not easily scalable because each bitmap-based image is mapped to a non-flexible grid. If a bitmap-based image were to be enlarged, it would lose its sharpness. All edges within the image would appear to be jagged.
File names for bitmap-based images usually consist of extensions such as *.PSD, *.JPG, *GIF, *.TIF, or *.BMP.
In general, bitmap-based files require more computer memory for file storage than vector-based files. The former contains all information for every single pixel of the image while the latter contains only the defining mathematical formulas for each element within the image.
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